EMPRESAS LATINAS GLOBALES en un mundo mas proteccionista.
Author | Casanova, Lourdes |
"Las multilatinas tienen la capacidad de adaptarse a nuevos entornos y sobreponerse a la volatilidad, pero tendran que fortalecer ambas cualidades para hacer frente a los nueuos desafios proteccionistas".
He escrito sobre la capacidad y ia flexibilidad de las multilatinas para adaptarse a los nuevos entornos, sobreponerse a los periodos de volatilidad y superar crisis importantes. Esa capacidad esta siendo puesta a prueba por el cambio de paradigma que estamos experimentando. Por un lado, el gobierno de Estados Unidos cuestiona el acuerdo delTLCAN en defensa de sus propios intereses economicos. Por otro lado, sacuden el status quo los escandalos de corrupcion en Brasil (y otros paises) y el nuevo dinamismo de las inversiones chinas.
Durante 20 anos, las empresas mexicanas adaptaron sus organizaciones y estrategias para prosperar en el marco del acuerdo comercial delTLCAN. Asi, Mexico dejo de depender de las exportaciones de materias primas para convertirse en una economia construida sobre las bases solidas de la excelencia industrial. Pero de repente, Estados Unidos rechaza el acuerdo y las empresas se ven obligadas a buscar nuevos mercados para sus productos--entre ellos Latinoamerica y China--y a revisar sus estrategias. Al mismo tiempo, los inesperados aranceles de Estados Unidos al acero afectan directamente a Brasil, uno de los mayores exportadores de este rubro a dicho pais.
La segunda de las amenazas proviene de los escandalos de corrupcion de las multilatinas brasilenas, que tambien afectan el animo de los inversores en la region.
Durante el periodo 2009-2016, el valor de las operaciones de fusiones y adquisiciones aumento en India, Corea y China; sin embargo, comparado con el periodo 2003-2008, las cifras de Brasil se redujeron de US$60.760 millones a US$28.800 millones. Las inversiones internacionales son una fuente de aprendizaje y se deben alentar, pero al mismo tiempo las empresas brasilenas estan perdiendo su ventaja competitiva al quedarse en casa.
Finalmente, China paso de la etapa de ser el mayor socio comercial de America del Sur a convertirse en...
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