Dinamismo en el mar: el creciente intercambio comercial mundial intensifica el tráfico de contenedores.
Author | Coronado, Eduardo |
América Latina cumple este 2007 cuatro años consecutivos creciendo a una tasa superior al 4%, pero el intercambio comercial a través de contenedores en los puertos de la región se ha expandido a tasas muy superiores durante ese período y lo Seguirá haciendo.
Según cifras estimadas de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), la tasa anual media de crecimiento de los movimientos portuarios en TEUs (equivalente a un contenedor de 20 pies) durante el período 2001-2006 creció 19.3% en Brasil, 13.1% en Panamá, 5% en Chile y 13.2% en Colombia. En México, la cifra fue de 14.5%, reporta la Coordinación General de Puertos de ese país. "Esto guarda relación con el buen desempeño de las economías latinoamericanas. La influencia del comercio de materias primas es mayor, pero estas importaciones y exportaciones a través de contenedores tienen valores mucho más altos", dice Ricardo J. Sánchez, oficial de la División de Recursos Naturales e Infraestructura de la CEPAL.
Se estima que un mayor desempeño portuario multiplica hasta por tres la actividad económica de un país. "En la medida en la que el ciclo de crecimiento de América Latina se mantenga como se prevé, la actividad portuaria va a seguir multiplicando la economía", afirma Sánchez. Sin embargo, ha sido tal el dinamismo comercial que incluso algunos puertos como El Callao, en Perú, y Buenos Aires, en Argentina, están cerca de su capacidad máxima.
La necesidad de contar con más y moderna infraestructura no ha pasado inadvertida en la región. De hecho, la CEPAL ha contabilizado la cifra de US$10,000 millones en proyectos de inversión portuaria que serán materializados entre 2007 y 2009, sin considerar la expansión del Canal de Panamá.
Otro que sigue la tendencia regional es el puerto brasileño de Santos. El movimiento de carga contenerizada en la terminal se ha duplicado en los últimos cuatro años, pasando de 1.2 millones de TEUs en 2002 a 2.4 millones en 2006. "El comercio exterior...
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