Development of the American Economy.

• Position: Program and Working Group Meetings

The NBER's Program on the Development of the American Economy met in Cambridge on March 7. Program Director Claudia Goldin, of NBER and Harvard University, organized the meeting. These papers were discussed:

* Dora L. Costa, University of California, Los Angeles and NBER, "The Rise of Retirement among African Americans: Wealth and Social Security Effects"

Jeremy Atack, Vanderbilt University and NBER; Fred Bateman, University of Georgia; Michael Haines, Colgate University and NBER; and Robert Margo, Boston University and NBER, "Did Railroads Induce or Follow Economic Growth? Urbanization and Population Growth in the American Midwest, 1850-60" (NBER Working Paper No. 14640)

* Chiaki Moriguchi, Northwestern University and NBER, "From Pragmatic to Sentimental Adoption: Child Adoption in the United...