Desastres.
Author | Fabey, Michael |
Position | Operaciones de buques de transporte da |
Hace falta pasar revista a las operaciones marítimas.
Las imágenes del reciente derrame de petróleo en las Islas Galápagos nos hacen recordar con horror lo ocurrido hace varios años, cuando el capitán del Exxon Valdez, ebrio al timón del supertanquero, se jugó la suerte frente a las costas de Alaska. Pero estos accidentes son solo recordatorios de una actitud que aún permea buena parte del sector marítimo: El medio ambiente no importa mucho, lo que hay que hacer es mantener los costos bajos.
Esa es la razón por la que los mares están llenos de barcos oxidados y destartalados. Esa es la razón por la que los altos ejecutivos de las empresas de supertanqueros cabildean contra los buques de doble casco. Las navieras buscan el viaje más barato entre dos puertos. La mayoría de los ejecutivos del sector afirman: "La carga se mueve sin problemas en un contenedor, ¿por qué tendría que preocuparme por el medio ambiente".
Los contenedores no contaminan, pero los barcos sí.
Tan pronto como la mayoría de los portacontenedores modernos alcanzan aguas internacionales, o se alejan lo suficiente del puerto, el primer oficial le pide permiso al capitán para lanzar basura al mar. Y en la mayoría de los casos, el capitán contesta: "Permiso concedido".
Esto es algo de lo que he sido testigo en innumerables barcos en viaje desde Centro y Sudamérica. Cuando uno le pregunta, el oficial se encoge de hombros: "Sucede en todas partes, no tiene la mayor importancia.
El hecho es que casi todos los barcos comerciales usan los océanos como basural. Que un barco lance basura al mar no hace mucho daño, pero si son miles, entonces el potencial de daño es enorme. Legalmente, no hay mucho que hacen porque refleja una costumbre enraizada a través de los años a todos los niveles.
Las viejas prácticas marineras se reconocen ahora como peligros ambientales. Tal es el caso del agua que los barcos cargan a manera de lastre en un puerto y descargan en otro, por lo general en otro país o región.
Los estudios muestran que cuando un barco descarga el agua...
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