Demasiado lejos para exportar: la reducción en el costo del transporte interno aumentaría sensiblemente la posibilidad de vender al exterior.
Author | Mej |
[ILUSTRACIÓN OMITIR]
En Punta Arenas, Chile, una ciudad del extremo más austral de Sudamérica, los productores de cerveza interesados en exportar su producto deben enviar la mercancía por camión al puerto de San Antonio, a una distancia de 3.000 kilómetros.
Igual ocurre con los exportadores madereros de Ucayali en Perú. Deben enviar sus productos a lo largo de un trayecto de 750 kilómetros a través de la cordillera de los Andes y por caminos que carecen de pavimento.
La historia se repite en muchas regiones de América Latina y es una de las razones por las que se puede desaprovechar el potencial exportador.
Un ejemplo del potencial exportador que no se ha podido desarrollar por dificultades de transporte interno está en el altiplano cundiboyacense y en Santander, en Colombia. Esta zona tiene grandes reservas de carbón térmico, especialmente apropiado para la metalurgia, pero "se encuentra en un área de difícil acceso y no se ha logrado materializar una solución de transporte que permita exportar", dijo a Latin Trade, Mauricio Mesquita Moreira, economista del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). Mesquita Moreira es autor del reciente estudio "Muy lejos para exportar", que analiza el transporte interno en América Latina y concluye que "una reducción de los costos de transporte interno tendría un efecto positivo realmente relevante sobre las exportaciones especialmente sobre los municipios que menos exportan".
LA CLAVE ESTÁ EN LOS COSTOS
Una de las principales conclusiones del estudio de Mesquita se refiere a la clara relación inversa que existe entre los costos del transporte interno y las exportaciones en la región y cómo una reducción de los costos del transporte se convertiría en un impulso al comercio regional.
De hecho, dice el estudio, después de años de liberalización comercial y de la firma de tratados comerciales en América Latina, las nuevas...
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