Data Privacy and Security Vulnerabilities of Smart and Sustainable Urban Space Monitoring Systems.

• Author: Zhuravleva, Natalia A.

1. Introduction

   The swift advance in smart city technologies is altering urban areas and citizens' standard of living, while generating immense intrusion zones for possible cyber attacks. (Li and Liao, 2018) The intensifying omnipresence of urban systems, areas, and networks harnessing digital technologies is producing massive volumes of digital traces adequate for displaying instantaneously how individuals derive benefit from urban realms and infrastructures and how public sector operations are performed. (Bibri and Krogstie, 2019)

2. Conceptual Framework and Literature Review

   Citizen participation, digitally networked technology, and data analytics can reinforce sustainable development. (Nitoslawski et al., 2019) Smart city applications can gather sensitive data, but heterogeneous security and privacy matters may occur at various levels of the system. (Al-Turjman et al., 2019) The imaginable exposures of smart city products and inevitable attacks on data-driven urban architecture and services (Gutu, 2018; Hoffman and Friedman, 2018; Lazaroiu et al., 2017; Mihaila et al., 2016; Nica, 2018; Popescu et al., 2018; Radulescu, 2018) may have important ramifications that can generate significant (non)economic losses. (Li and Liao, 2018)

3. Methodology and Empirical Analysis

   Using and replicating data from AUVSI, ESI ThoughtLab, KPMG, McKinsey, Perkins Coie, Phillips, and SmartCitiesWorld, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding potential improvement through current generation of smart city applications, from time of implementation (%), key actions needed to improve smart cities' living environment (%), main challenges cities are addressing through smart initiatives (%), and smart applications that will be relevant for cities through 2025 (security, %). The results of a study based on data collected from 4,800 respondents provide support for our research model. Using the structural equation modeling and employing the probability sampling technique, we gathered and analyzed data through a self-administrated questionnaire.

4. Results and Discussion

   The amount of information produced about smart cities is increasing and expanding rampantly, supplying substantial, disparate streams of data concerning urban settings and citizens, and whose major source is comprised by persons, city systems, areas, and networks, facilitating an actual investigation of various urban systems and linking statistics to offer thorough perspectives of the connections between heterogeneous kinds of data that can be employed for enhancing the dissimilar features of urbanity via breakthrough ways of operational performance, design, advancement, and administration in the framework of sustainability. (Bibri and Krogstie, 2019) (Tables 1-6)

5. Conclusions and Implications

   Smartness has relevant positive consequences upon urban resilience. (Zhu et al., 2019) Smart city advancement furthers a deep-rooted, networked, and sustainable public system. (Kumar et al., 2019)...