CONTENTS
Jurisdiction | North Carolina |
Contents
Table of Cases xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Chapter 1 • The Problem of Wrongful Conviction 3
A. What Is a "Wrongful Conviction"? 3
B. Operational Definitions and Measurement 9
C. Wrongful Convictions: Incidence and Contributing Factors 12
D. Wrongful Convictions: Past, Present, and Future 17
Chapter 2 • Wrongful Convictions and the Criminal Justice Process: Decision Points and Decision-Makers 21
A. Introduction 21
B. The Police and the Decision to Arrest 22
Gibson v. State 23
Notes and Questions 28
C. The Prosecutor: Charging and Trial Decisions 29
Imbler v. Pachtman 30
Notes and Questions 37
Buckley v. Fitzsimmons 38
Notes and Questions 44
D. The Criminal Trial: Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt 48
In re Winship 49
Notes and Questions 52
E. Appellate Review and the Sufficiency of the Evidence 55
Corbin v. State 56
Tucker v. Palmer 60
Notes and Questions 66
F. Post-Conviction Review 66
People v. Tankleff 67
Notes and Questions 70
G. Federal Habeas Corpus and Free-Standing Claims of Actual Innocence 71
Herrera v. Collins 73
Notes and Questions 83
In re Davis 84
H. Conclusion 86
Chapter 3 • Eyewitness Identification 91
A. Introduction 91
B. Supreme Court Doctrine Governing the Admissibility of Eyewitness Identification Testimony 92
1. Line-Ups and Show-Ups 92
Manson v. Brathwaite 98
Notes and Questions 104
2. Photo Identifications 105
United States v. Ash 106
Notes and Questions 111
C. Eyewitness Identification Procedures: Research Evidence, Policy Directives, and Developments in the State Courts 112
1. Eyewitness Identification: Social Science Research and Related Policy Directives 112
2. State Court Developments 116
State v. Herrera 116
Notes and Questions 120
Tegoseak v. State 122
Notes and Questions 132
D. Expert Testimony 133
State v. Clopten 133
Notes and Questions 138
E. Conclusion 140
Chapter 4 • False Confessions 141
A. Introduction 141
B. Voluntariness 142
1. The Due Process Test 142
2. State Action 145
Colorado v. Connelly 145
Notes and Questions 149
3. The Totality of the Circumstances: Characteristics of the Suspect 150
Wilson v. Lawrence County 150
Notes and Questions 153
In the Interest of Jerrell C.J. 154
Notes and Questions 160
4. The Totality of the Circumstances: Police Interrogation Tactics 161
Lincoln v. State 165
Notes and Questions 173
5. Voluntariness: The Burden of Proof 175
State v....
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