CHAPTER 8 PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS USING CO2 FOR EOR

• Jurisdiction: United States

Enhanced Oil Recovery-Legal Framework for Sustainable Management of Mature Oil Fields
(May 2015)
CHAPTER 8
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS USING CO2 FOR EOR


Darrell D. Ricketson, P.E.
Chief Operating Officer
KinderMorgan CO2 Co. LP
Houston, Texas

[Page 8-1]

DARRELL D. RICKETSON is the Chief Operating Officer for Kinder Morgan CO2 Company, located in Houston, Texas. Darrell is responsible for the engineering, development, production, and operations for the EOR assets and the CO2 Source and Transportation assets owned by the Kinder Morgan CO2 Company. Darrell was appointed COO in November 2014 after serving seven years as Vice President of Engineering and Operations for the CO2 Company. Prior to joining Kinder Morgan in 2003, Darrell worked for Marathon Oil Company for eighteen and a half years in various engineering and leadership positions throughout the United States. Darrell graduated in 1985 from Texas A&I University in Kingsville, Texas with a Bachelor of Science degree in Natural Gas Engineering, and is a Registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas. Darrell's expertise has developed around EOR operations over his 30-year career. Kinder Morgan is the third largest energy company in the United States, is the largest operator and transporter of CO2 in the country, and one of the top oil producers in the State of Texas.

Practical Applications Using CO2 For Enhanced Oil Recovery

Darrell D. Ricketson

Chief Operating Officer

Kinder Morgan CO2 Company LP

Agenda

▪ Overview

▪ EOR Basics

▪ EOR Fields and Activities

▪ Summary

Kinder Morgan CO2 Asset Map

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Kinder Morgan CO2 Group

▪ 1998 Shell /KM Formed CO2 Co

▪ 2000 Acquired SACROC

▪ 2003 Acquired Yates Field

▪ 2006 Acquired Katz field

▪ 2013 Acquired Goldsmith

▪ 2014 Tall Cotton (ROZ) CO2 project

▪ Current Output

-- 1.3 BCFD CO2

-- 60,000 BOPO

-- 21,000 BNGLPD

CO2 Source & Transportation

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McElmo Dome, CO

▪ One of the largest known accumulations of CO2 in the world

▪ 〉10 TCF of reserves

▪ 1.1 BCFD

Doe Canyon, CO

▪ Discovered in 1970's

▪ ~3 TCF of reserves

▪ KM began development in 2008

▪ 170 MMCFD

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▪ Six CO2 Processing Plants

▪ 100,000 HP Compression

▪ 1,200 Miles of Pipeline

▪ Largest CO2 Pipeline

▪ Cortez Pipeline (30" O.D.)

▪ Pump stations - 40,000 HP

▪ Delivers ~1.3 BCFD

Using CO2 for EOR

The Life of an Oil Field

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• Solution Gas Drive

• Natural Water Influx

• Gas Cap Expansion

• Gravity Drainage

• Compaction Drive

• Liquid Expansion

• Typically Waterflooding

• Chemical Methods

• Alkaline Surfactant Polymers (ASP)

• Micellar Polymer

• Polymer

• Foam Flooding

• Thermal Methods

• Steam Drive

• In Situ Combustion

• Steam Soak (Huff'n Puff)

• Hot Water

• Solvent Methods

• Organic Alcohols

• Refined Hydrocarbons

• LPG/LNG

• Gas Injection (including CO2 inj.)

CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery

CO2 is an ideal injectant for EOR

▪ Oil Swelling, Viscosity Reduction

▪ Has a favorable mobility ratio with most oils

Implementation

▪ Pattern Flood

-- WAG - Water Alternating Gas (Common, More Economical)

-- Continuous Injection (Rare)

▪ Huff'n Puff

CO2 WAG Flood in the Reservoir

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CO2 Flooding

▪ The "Right-Fit" Operator

▪ Capital Intensive

▪ Compression, Facilities, Wellwork

▪ Operating Cost Drivers

▪ Power, Wells, Facilities

▪ Oil Recoveries

▪ Typical 10-20% Recovery

▪ Adds Value

▪ Good IRR%

▪ Environmentally Efficient

▪ Effective Method to Harvest Resources and Provide Energy the Country

Kinder Morgan Oil Fields

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Miscible CO2 Flood

▪ SACROC

▪ KATZ

Immiscible CO2...