El centro perdido.
Author | Gutierrez, Santiago |
La falta de empresas medianas y de consumidores de ingresos intermedios afecta el dinamismo de las economias en America Latina. Algunos de los caminos a seguir pasan por menos burocracia, mas competencia y mas digitalizacion.
America Latina crece demasiado lentamente. Por eso le costara mucho crear condiciones de vida dignas para todos. Crecio desde 2000 hasta 2016 a un mediocre 2,6% por ano. A la vez, otras 56 economias emergentes--sin China--crecieron 4,8%. Sin duda la falta de productividad que se genera por la carencia de educacion en administracion o el pobre diseno de politica publica han tenido que ver, pero el McKinsey Global Institute (MGI) ofrece una nueva forma de ver y abordar la solucion a este problema.
En la region, dice la entidad, se han generado dos vacios enormes que ahora impiden un avance economico mas acelerado. La falta de empresas medianas, de un lado, y la ausencia de una clase de consumidores de ingresos intermedios, de otro, son los dos "medios" que desaparecieron en la region.
Andres Cadena, coautor del reporte y miembro del Consejo Global del MGI, explico como la region tiene unas pocas empresas grandes y una cola larga de empresas pequenas de productividad muy escasa, que son las responsables del bajo crecimiento y de que se paguen salarios bajos. Hay una tremenda escasez de empresas medianas, modernas, globalmente competitivas y productivas. "Los paises de America Latina tienen entre la mitad y tres cuartas partes de las empresas medianas y grandes de paises con su mismo tamano", dijo.
Por el otro lado, los bajos ingresos de los consumidores, que son producto de empleos en empresas de baja productividad y de economias con riqueza concentrada, no ofrecen suficiente demanda para apoyar la produccion y el ahorro para soportar la inversion de las empresas medianas. "El 75% de la...
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