The Capitalist Revolution in Latin America.
Author | Ayau, Manuel |
La revolución capitalista
Si usted quiere entender a latinoamerica, debe leer The Capitalist Revolution in Latin America (La revolución capitalista en América Latina), de Paul Craig Roberts, ex subsecretario del Tesoro de Estados Unidos, y Karen LaFollette Araujo, presidenta del Instituto de Estudios Hemisféricos, radicado en E.U.
El libro no sólo es una lectura fácil, sino que en mi opinión es la descripción más concisa y clara del sistema económico mercantilista y rentista que ha prevalecido en América Latina (con escasas excepciones) desde la conquista española. La conclusión es muy clara: América Latina no es un caso de fracaso del mercado sino del gobierno.
Aunque Latinoamérica no tiene el monopolio de la corrupción y los "busca rentas", el doble mal ha sido muy virulento. Después de leer el libro, se pueden entender los incentivos perversos incorporados al sistema que Adam Smith llamó "el sistema mercantil", conocido más tarde como "mercantilismo". Añádase el movimiento socialista y estatista que se difundió durante la Guerra Fría (y las violentas guerras subversivas que lo acompañaron) y se comprenden las razones del infortunio de este subcontinente, que durante todo este siglo ha estado a la zaga del desarrollo comparativo.
Sin embargo, los autores señalan que las posturas socialistas y estatistas no hubieran triunfado sin la combinación de rentistas y prestigiosas agencias internacionales de desarrollo. El término rent-seeking no tiene una traducción exacta al español. Roberts y LaFollette nos dan una definición muy concisa: el ingreso que resulta de cierto privilegio y no de "la búsqueda capitalista de ganancias en la que la gente debe arriesgar su propiedad en una competencia de mercado abierto". Ofrecen ejemplos increíbles de la ineptitud del gobierno estadounidense y organismos internacionales como el Fondo Monetario Internacional, el Banco Mundial, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, etc., organizaciones financiadas con impuestos y que cuentan con abundantes recursos, en el capítulo "Instituciones internacionales de desarrollo obsoletas". Estas instituciones, impregnadas de una filosofía estatista...
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