Capitalismo popular.
Author | Bamrud, Joachim |
Position | Am |
¿Esta muriendo el neoliberalismo en América Latina? El presidente de Ecuador, Abdalá Bucaram, un 'orate' populista convertido en neoliberal, pierde el poder en un golpe legislativo tras una huelga general contra sus políticas económicas. En Colombia y Honduras los trabajadores se lanzan en masa a las calles para exigir un aumento de salario y protestar contra los planes de privatización. En República Dominicana crecen las protestas contra los nuevos aumentos de precios a los servicios básicos y las políticas económicas del gobierno.
Si a esto se agrega la crisis económica en Argentina y México (las dos estrellas de la corriente neoliberal en América Latina a comienzos de esta década) el caso contra el neoliberalismo queda claro.
Sin embargo, la interrogante es: ¿Qué es el neoliberalismo? ¿Es sólo la privatización de las entidades estatales y la estabilización de la macroeconomía, o se trata más bien de reformas de más alcance dirigidas a crear economías eficientes que garanticen una verdadera competencia y mejoren las condiciones de vida para el ciudadano común (léase pobre) de América Latina?
El hecho es que aunque la región ha dado pasos claros hacia la liberalización, todavía quedan muchas medidas por tomar para crear economías realmente sanas con un crecimiento sustentable a largo plazo. Sí, privatizar una empresa estatal es positivo en el sentido de que reduce los gastos del gobierno, pero reemplazar un monopolio estatal con uno privado no beneficia necesariamente al consumidor. Y, a menos que las normativas (y su cumplimiento) sean claras y transparentes, sólo una elite bien conectada se beneficiará.
Sí, es positivo reducir los déficit fiscales, pero no a costa de los pobres. Demasiados gobiernos latinoamericanos reducen sus déficit mediante esfuerzos extraordinarios por aumentar los ingresos, y le pasan la cuenta a la población en forma de mayores impuestos. Aunque los gobiernos...
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