Caos y deuda.
Author | Stinson, Douglass |
Position | Am |
Ya han pasado cuatro meses desde que el huracán Mitch desolara a Centroamérica. Ahora se divisa un nuevo desastre en el horizonte: el financiero. Los gobiernos de Honduras y Nicaragua, los países más afectados por Mitch, deben encontrar una forma de pagar su deuda al Banco Mundial, al Fondo Monetario Internacional (FMI) y al Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID).
Pero si no pagan a los organismos multilaterales, que casi seguramente proveerán la mayor cantidad de fondos de rescate, no podrán recibir fondos frescos para financiar la reconstrucción.
Según funcionarios de Honduras y Nicaragua, Mitch destruyó prácticamente las cosechas de exportación, lo que hace imposible que puedan costear el servicio de la deuda. Honduras es el más afectado porque las entidades de crédito tienen casi dos terceras partes de su deuda de US$4.100 millones. Nicaragua tiene una deuda de US$6.100 millones, pero le debe menos de un tercio a los organismos multilaterales.
"Si un país deja de pagar esos préstamos, el banco se ve obligado a suspender todos los desembolsos", afirma Peter Bate, del FMI. "Por eso es crucial que puedan cubrir sus obligaciones".
Costo estimado de los daños en Centroamérica En millones de dólares Honduras Nicaragua * SECTORES SOCIALES 1.024,8 239,1 Vivienda 934,4 170,4 Salud 62,3 53,1 Educación 28,1 15,6 * INFRAESTRUCTURA 511,7 340,2 Carreteras, puentes, ferrocarriles 454,1 306,3 Acueducto y alcantarillado 31,3 14,1 Energía 26,3 19,9 * SECTORES PRODUCTIVOS 2.054,8 309,9 Agricultura, ganadería, bosques 1.661,5 153,1 Manufacturas 212,1 75,4 Comercio, hoteles y restaurantes 181,2 81,4 * MEDIO AMBIENTE 47,2 8,5 TOTAL 3.638,5 897,7 Guatemala El Salvador Total * SECTORES SOCIALES 54,6 21,0 1.339,5 Vivienda 35,3 12,5 1.152,6 Salud 11,4 7,0 133,8 Educación 7,9 1,4 53,0 *...
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