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Author | Stinson, Douglass |
Position | Relaciones comerciales entre Estados Unidos y M |
Las inversiones de EU, especialmente en el sector textil, se trasladan de la Cuenca del Caribe a México como resultado del TLC. Los países de la región dicen estar listos para su propio acuerdo de libre comercio con Estados Unidos, pero conseguir nuevas exenciones arancelarias para competir contra México es una batalla perdida.
Hubo un tiempo en que las naciones del Caribe eran las niñas mimadas de Estados Unidos. Ronald Reagan era presidente y la guerra contra el comunismo se libraba en las selvas de Centroamérica. En el frente económico, el Congreso promulgó la Iniciativa de la Cuenca del Caribe (ICC) y redujo los aranceles a las exportaciones de la región.
Debido al trato comercial preferencial, la región desarrolló una industria de maquiladoras de corte y costura de tejidos producidos en Estados Unidos, a donde se devolvían una vez terminados. Pero cuando México entró en el TLC, sus negociadores ofrecieron un acuerdo más conveniente que abarató la confección de la ropa en México. Más que cualquier otra cosa, el efecto del TLC se ha sentido en el resto de la región en la industria de la ropa. Anthony Bryan, director de Estudios Caribeños de la Universidad de Miami, calcula que 150 fábricas textiles han cerrado y que se han perdido 123.000 empleos desde que México se abrió paso en el sector.
"No todos los países han sufrido igual", señala. "Pero si se busca un sector donde las consecuencias son visibles, es éste". "¿Ha causado el TLC un desvío del comercio?", se pregunta Jeffrey Schott, economista del Instituto de Economía Internacional, de Estados Unidos. "Sí, donde hay normativas complejas de origen, como en los textiles y la agricultura. La ICC tenía mejor trato preferencial en el sector textil, pero México los dejó atrás con las condiciones del TLC".
El nuevo proyecto de ley de la ICC lleva años engavetado en el...
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