Brazil's father of flight.

• Author: Holston, Mark
• Position: Alberto Santos-Dumont

WHEN BRAZILIANS want to taste an immediate sense of national pride, they need do nothing more than look to the sky. That's because the man they consider the "Father of Aviation," Alberto Santos-Dumont, conquered the skies of Europe when he made the first successful flight in a propeller-driven aircraft in Paris in October 1906. A century later, the historic event was observed through a series of exhibits and ceremonies in cities throughout Brazil. Today, the rakish image of the aviation pioneer, resplendent in his trademark Panama hat, is one of the most iconic symbols of the country, while the man and his accomplishments have been elevated to mythological status.

Santos-Dumont was born the son of a coffee plantation owner on July 20, 1873 in the small town of Cabangu in the state of Minas Gerais. Today, the city, located halfway between Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte, bears the name of its most famous native son. In 1891, while still a teenager, he left his studies at, the Escola de Minas in Ouro Preto to travel to Paris, where he continued his study of physics, mechanics, and chemistry. Seven years later, he became airborne for the first time, using a hot air balloon for the short excursion in Parisian skies. In the following years, he launched numerous flights in dirigibles of various sizes, all the time dreaming of building and flying a motorized craft. That finally occurred in 1906, three years after the Wright Brothers' flight at Kitty Hawk, when his airplane, christened the 14 Bis, flew a distance of 196 feet. All but the most avid Santos-Dumont devotees now accept the fact that the American aviators indeed carried out the first, successful flight. Some historians, however, concede that their flight couldn't have been accomplished without a strong headwind, while Santos-Dumont's technically-superior craft made its flight trader more...