Book Reviews and Notices : UNESCO and the Defenses of Peace. By WALDO GIFFORD LELAND. (Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1948. Pp. v., 36. $1.00.)

• DOI: 10.1177/106591294800100343
• Author: Russell H. Fitzgibbon
• Date: 01 September 1948
• Published date: 01 September 1948
• Subject Matter: Articles

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evidence of the status of individuals as subjects (not objects) of international
law. Jessup’s second hypothesis is illustrated by consideration of the courses
of action to be taken by an offended state or organization when confronted
with violations of international agreements. It is further developed in chap-
ter seven on the use of force, and in chapter eight of Jessup’s book, concern-
ing rights and duties of a state in the event of illegal use of force.
The concept of sovereignty is an arch-fiction which the author does not
accept. &dquo;Sovereignty, in its meaning of an absolute, uncontrolled state will,
ultimately free to resort to the final arbitrament of war, is the quicksand
on which the foundations of traditional international law are built.&dquo; Some-
what related is the doctrine of equality of states. It is Dr. Jessup’s belief
that our times call for emphasis on the interdependence of states rather than
on their sovereignty or equality.
Along this line the author writes with erudition and persuasion. The
result is a demonstration of the vitality and usefulness of international law
once ancient dogma and shibboleths have been sloughed off. This volume
is what the world needs: The application to international affairs of (1)
realistic analysis; (2) balanced judgment arising out of technical com-
petence ; and (3) courageous pioneering and leadership.
WILLARD F. BARBER.
Department of
State, Washington, D. C.
UNESCO and the Defenses of Peace. By WALDO GIFFORD LELAND. (Stan-
ford: Stanford University Press. 1948. Pp. v., 36. $1.00.)
It is fitting that as new international-or any other-agencies arise we
should engage not only in description but in a constant process of assess-
ment and criticism. That test of continuing evaluation is one of the best
assurances that a high standard of performance will be the more likely main-
tained. One of the most significant of recent organizations is subjected to
that process in Waldo Gifford Leland’s lecture...