BIOFUELS - USE AND REGULATION OF ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL IN BRAZIL

JurisdictionDerecho Internacional
Mining and Oil and Gas Law, Development, and Investment - Book 2
(Apr 2007)

CHAPTER 16B
BIOFUELS - USE AND REGULATION OF ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL IN BRAZIL

Roberto Furian Ardenghy
Superintendent of Fuels Supply
Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ROBERTO ARDENGHY

Roberto Furian Ardengy es actualmente Superintendente de Subministro de Combustibles de la Agencia Nacional de Petróleo, Gas Natural y Biocombustibles de Brasil - ANP, teniendo un rol activo, junto con otros organismos gubernamentales y privados, para la inserción de los biocombustibles en la matriz energética de Brasil

En la Agencia Nacional de Petróleo ya fue Jefe de Gabinete del Director General y Asesor del Director-General del Organismo.

Bachiller en Derecho de la Universidad Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, ingresó por concurso público en el servicio diplomático de Brasil en 1984, graduándose en diplomacia y relaciones internacionales por el Instituto Rio Branco.

Funcionario diplomático actualmente el rango de Consejero, entre 1992 y 1995 fue Jefe del Sector de Prensa y del Sector Consular y Jurídico de la Embajada de Brasil en Washington DC y entre 1999 y 2002 fue Jefe de la Oficina Comercial de la Embajada de Brasil en Buenos Aires.

Ocupó varias funciones el gobierno federal en Brasilia, dentre ellas Asesor Internacional del Ministro de Justicia, Oficial del Gabinete del Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores y Jefe de Gabinete del Ministro de Industria y Comercio Exterior.

Entre 1997 y 1998 fue Profesor de Derecho Internacional de la Academia Diplomática Brasileña, el Instituto Rio Branco, y publicó diversos artículos sobre MERCOSUR y Aspectos Jurídicos de la Integración. Actualmente es profesor de Derecho Internacional y de Regulación en Petróleo de la Universidad Candido Mendes, de Rio de Janeiro.

Tiene postgrado en petróleo y gas natural por la Universidad Federal de Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ/COOPE, concluido en diciembre de 2003, y es regularmente invitado para conferencias en todo el país sobre el tema de la regulación del sector de combustibles y biocombustibles en Brasil

Ya realizó consultoría privada en São Paulo y Brasilia para empresas brasileñas y extranjeras en negociaciones económicas y asuntos internacionales.

[Page 16B-2]

Brazilian Energy Sources

[Page 16B-3]

BIOFUELS IN BRAZIL: ANP ROLE

Laws 9.478/1997 and 11.097/2005

To implement the national policy on petroleum, natural gas, and biofuels with focus on:

supply;

-protection of consumers - PRICE, QUALITY and OFFER

To monitor and regulate the activities related to production, import, export, storage, distribution, retail and commercialization of biofuels;

To specify the quality of petroleum and natural gas products and biofuels.

Enforcement action

[Page 16B-4]

Brazilian Fuel Production and Imports - 2005

FuelProductionNet ImportsNet ExportsNet ImportsNet Exports
thousand m3 thousand m3 thousand m3 % of demand % of production
PURE GASOLINE19.978-2.76014%
DIESEL38.3962.070-5%
ETHANOL16.030-2.59216%
NATURAL GAS (million m3 /day) 48,524,4-33%
Dependency
Self-sufficiency

Source: National Petroleum Agency,

Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply

[Page 16B-5]

ETHANOL: THE BRAZILIAN CASE

[Page 16B-6]

Ethanol Use in Brazil: First Experience - 1925

[Page 16B-7]

Ethanol Use in Brazil

1931: Addition of ethanol to imported gasoline.

1975: Proálcool (National Alcohol Program): the largest fossil fuel substitution program in the world automotive market.

1989: Brazil - First country that began to use ethanol as an octane booster allowing the lead phase-out from gasoline.

1993: Addition of anhydrous ethanol to gasoline (Range: 20 to 25%).

2003: Fixed content of 25% of ethanol to blend with gasoline and introduction of flex-fuel vehicle option in the market by engine manufacturers.

2006: Fixed content of 23% of ethanol to blend with gasoline.

[Page 16B-8]

FLEX CARS IN BRAZIL

• Introduced in the Brazilian Market in March of 2003.

• These vehicles are designed to be fuelled with gasoline, or ethanol or any blend of gasoline and ethanol. (E25 and E100)

[Page 16B-9]

• At this moment: 7 brands and 60 models.

Through some special electronic sensors, the on-board computer recognizes the fuel and properly adjust the engine combustion parameters, without any interference from the driver.

[Page 16B-10]

Domestic Vehicles Wholesale

(Passenger Cars and Light Commercials)

[Page 16B-11]

Fleet of flex cars in Brazil

[Page 16B-12]

Brazilian Vehicle Fuel Sources

[Page 16B-13]

Use of Ethanol as a Fuel in Brazil

Regulation: ANP Act nº 36/2005

Anhydrous Ethanol (Álcool Etílico Anidro Combustível)

Hydrated Ethanol (Álcool Etílico Hidratado Combustível).

Automotive gasoline must have 23 vol. % of anhydrous ethanol

the maximum content of ethanol in gasoline is 25 vol. %

Flex fuel engines can use 100 vol % of ethanol

[Page 16B-14]

Fuel Ethanol Specifications

PropertyAnhydrous EthanolHydrous EthanolABNT
...

Get this document and AI-powered insights with a free trial of vLex and Vincent AI

Get Started for Free

Start Your Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex

Start Your Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex

Start Your Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex

Start Your Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex

Start Your Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex

Start Your Free Trial of vLex and Vincent AI, Your Precision-Engineered Legal Assistant

  • Access comprehensive legal content with no limitations across vLex's unparalleled global legal database

  • Build stronger arguments with verified citations and CERT citator that tracks case history and precedential strength

  • Transform your legal research from hours to minutes with Vincent AI's intelligent search and analysis capabilities

  • Elevate your practice by focusing your expertise where it matters most while Vincent handles the heavy lifting

vLex