Appendix 2. 'First-to-File'/'First-to-Register' Countries

• Author: Christopher P. Bussert - James R. Sims III
• Pages: 358-359

358

Appendix 2

“FIRST-TO-FILE”/

“FIRST-TO-REGISTER”

COUNTRIES

Trademark rights are primarily established by filing an application and/or

registering the mark.12

1. Either first user or first applicant is eligible to register.

2. First user is considered the owner of the mark, but first applicant is presumed to be

the owner if there is no proof to the contrary.

Afghanistan

African Union

Albania

Algeria

Angola

Anguilla

Argentina

Austria

OAPI (African Intel-

lectual Property

Organization)

Bahrain

Barbados

Belarus

Belize

Benelux

Bolivia

Botswana

Brazil

Bulgaria

Chile1

China

Colombia

Democratic Republic of

Congo

Dominican Republic

Croatia

Cuba

Curaçao

Czech Republic

Djibouti

Ecuador

Egypt

El Salvador

Estonia

European Union

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Guatemala

Guinea

Honduras

Hungary

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Japan

Jordan

Kazakhstan

North Korea

South Korea

Kosovo

Kuwait

Laos

Liberia

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Mexico

Moldova

Mongolia

Montenegro

Morocco2

Nepal

Nicaragua

Norway

Oman

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Poland

Portugal

Qatar

Romania

Russian Federation

Saudi Arabia

Republic of Serbia

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