Adults or kids? States debate what the best response is to teenagers who commit crimes.

• Author: Hammond, Sarah

When teenagers break the law, do they need rehabilitation or punishment? For several years in the 1990s, state lawmakers decided to treat young lawbreakers as adults, sending them to prison with tough sentences. In recent years, however, some states are rethinking the wisdom of such punishment.

Last session, Connecticut, which automatically tried 16- and 17-year-olds in adult court--giving it the largest number of inmates under the age of 18--changed course.

What the public didn't know, says Connecticut Representative Toni Walker, was that "only 3 percent of these young people are dangerous."

For years, Representative Walker has been trying to change Connecticut's treatment of youths in the criminal justice system. The process was arduous. Members of the Juvenile Jurisdiction Planning and Implementation Committee, which Walker chairs, looked at the number of kids involved in the system. They talked with local police chiefs, children's advocates, lawyers, judges and staff from the departments of Children and Families and of Corrections. They examined what was working in other states.

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

What really turned lawmakers around, Walker says, was learning that high school drop-outs are often the same kids ending up in the criminal justice system. When kids aren't in school, they get in trouble, she says. The majority of young people tried as adults in Connecticut are arrested for minor, nonviolent crimes such as drug possession, fighting and disorderly conduct. "We realized it was finally time to take action," she says.

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

Last year, the legislature raised the age of juvenile court jurisdiction from 16 to 18, returning 16- and 17-year-olds to the juvenile system starting July 1, 2009.

"The 'adultification' of young people who commit crimes has become a significant part of many states' anti-crime policies even though research shows that it harms children and does not improve public safety," says Walker.

She says the new law places Connecticut at the forefront of a trend to reduce the number of youth sent to the adult system. At the same time, it will create safer communities by strengthening the juvenile justice system where education and treatment is emphasized over punishment. "The end result of this effort is a product of statewide collaboration and is expected to save tax dollars over time," Walker says. Young offenders will have more opportunity to be rehabilitated in the juvenile system and not as likely...