Abstracts
| DOI | 10.1177/106591298804100201 |
| Date | 01 June 1988 |
| Published date | 01 June 1988 |
| Subject Matter | Articles |
ABSTRACTS
THE
&dquo;AMERICAN
CREED&dquo;
AND
AMERICAN
IDENTITY:
THE
LIMITS
OF
LIBERAL
CITIZENSHIP
IN
THE
UNITED
STATES.
By
Rogers
M.
Smith.
American
national
identity
is
often
said
to
be
constituted
by
commitment
to
the
liberal
democratic
principles
of
the
&dquo;American
Creed,&dquo;
not
by
ethnicity,
re-
ligion,
or
territorial
origins.
Yet
the
history
of
American
laws
governing
citizen-
ship
challenges
this
claim.
In
the
nineteenth
century,
republican
and
ethnocultural
conceptions
of
American
identity
sharply
qualified
the
liberalism
of
American
citizenship
policies.
Their
success
-
visible,
for
example,
in
the
Supreme
Court’s
s
justifications
for
denying
access
to
equal
citizenship
to
women
and
to
Chinese
immigrants -
raises
troubling
doubts
about
how
far
traditional
liberal
notions
of
political
membership
are
likely
to
be
sustained
in
practice.
PARTICIPATION
IN
PRESIDENTIAL
PRIMARIES.
By
Lawrence
S.
Rothenberg
and
Richard
A.
Brody.
What
are
the
determinants
of
primary
turnout?
Can
the
analysis
of
primary
participation
rates
shed
any
light
on
the
decline
in
general
election
voting
levels
since
1960?
To
answer
these
questions,
we
examine
aggregate
data
on
presiden-
tial
primaries
from
1952
to
1980.
We
find
that
a
variety
of
factors
-
particularly
short-term
forces
that
influence
what
voters
and
candidates
have
at
stake
in
a
primary
election
-
affect
turnout
levels.
In
addition,
we
suggest
that
while
presidential
primaries
are
subject
to
many
of
the
same
forces
offered
as
explana-
tions
of
the
decline
in
general
election
turnout,
a
number
of
countervailing
trends
have
prevented
an
analogous
reduction
in
primary
participation.
THE
MOBILIZATION
HYPOTHESIS
AND
VOTER
TURNOUT
IN
CONGRESSIONAL
ELECTIONS,
1974-1982.
By
Priscilla
L.
Southwell.
Previous
studies
of
American
voting
behavior
have
assumed
that
variations
in
turnout
across
election
years
are
the
result
of
fluctuations
in
the
determinants
of
the
voting
decision.
We
suggest
that
levels
of
turnout
may
vary
from
year
to
year
because
of
changing
relationships
between
these
determinants
and
the
vot-
ing
decision.
Using
pooled,
cross-sectional
data
from
the
1974,
1978,
and
1982
American
National
Election
Studies,
we
test
the
hypothesis
that
black,
working
class,
and
unemployed
individuals
who
stayed
home
from
the
polls
in
1974
and
1978,
became
mobilized
during
the
1982
congressional
elections
because
of
the
nature
of
the
economy
and
party
control
of
the
White
House.
The
results
of probit
analysis
suggest
that
more
black,
working
class,
and
unemployed
individuals
voted
in
1982
than
did
similar
individuals
in
1974
and
1978,
in
part
due
to
a
changed
evaluation
of
the
Democratic
party’s
ability
to
handle
unemployment,
as
meas-
ured
by
sociotropic
concern.
THE
POLITICAL
BEHAVIOR
OF
AMERICAN
CATHOLICS:
AN
ASSESSMENT
OF
THE
IMPACT
OF
GROUP
INTEGRATION
VS.
GROUP
IDENTIFICATION.
By
James
M.
Penning.
Recent
studies
have
focused
on
two
different
approaches
to
understanding
the
impact
of
groups
on
political
behavior -
the
group
integration
approach
and
the
group
identification
approach.
This
paper
examines
the
relative
impact
of
group
integration
an
group
identification
on
Catholics’
voter
turnout
and
voting
behavior
in
the
1976
and
1984
presidential
elections.
Group
integration
and
group
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