22.17 Security|Acts of Third Person.

• Jurisdiction: Arizona

22.17 Security/Acts of Third Person. Generally, a landowner has no duty to protect others from physical harm caused by third parties absent a special relationship between the landowner and the injured party or between the landowner and the assaulting party.¹⁴⁸ Such special relationships include carrier-passenger, innkeeper-guest, landlord-invitee, guardian-ward, teacher-student, or jailer-prisoner relationships.¹⁴⁹ For example, apartment owners and condominium management companies have no duty to protect social guests/licensees from assault by third persons unknown to the apartment owners or management companies.¹⁵⁰ However, these relationships may not always give rise to a duty of care: a hotel owed no duty to a...