(B) APPEAL FROM TRIAL-LEVEL COURT

• Jurisdiction: United States

(b) Appeal from Trial-Level Court

Paragraph two of CPLR 5601(b) authorizes a rare direct appeal to the Court of Appeals from the trial-level court — any trial-level court of record — bypassing all intermediate appellate courts, but the requirements here are more stringent than under paragraph one. For a direct appeal, not only must the order or judgment be final and the constitutional question substantial⁵⁹ and determinative, but it must involve the constitutional validity of a New York or federal statute and the constitutional issue must be...