Cardozo Public Law, Policy and Ethics Journal

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Latest documents

• First Amendment Freedom Of Speech And Expression: Ninth Circuit Holds That California Penal Code Section 148.6 Violates The First Amendment In <I>Chaker V. Crogan</I>

  Introduction I. Pre-Chaker: California Penal Code 148.6 II. Analysis: Chaker V. Crogan III. A National Issue: Criminal Penalties For Filing False Complaints Against Police Officers Conclusion

• Forced Medication And The Need To Protect The Rights Of The Mentally Ill Criminal Defendant

  Introduction I. An Overview Of The Process II. Relevant Supreme Court Decisions III. Dangerousness And Its Prediction IV. The Constitutional Interests A. First Amendment Interests B. Sixth Amendment Interests C. Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment Interests V. The Need For Change A. The Definition of Danger B. Standards of Review C. Changing Societal Attitudes Conclusion

• Tax And Economic Policy Responses To The Medicaid Long-Term Care Financing Crisis: A Behavioral Economics Approach

  Introduction I. Long-Term Care Financial Planning Through A Consumer Choice Lens A. The Traditional Model Of Rational Consumer Choice B. The Behavioral Economics Model Of Consumer Choice C. Long-Term Care Planning Under The Behavioral Economics Model 1. Unique Preferences in Long-Term Care Planning i Preference 1: Diminished Utility at the Mere Thought of Long-Term Care Needs ii. Preference 2: Maximized Utility by Underestimating One`s Future Need for Long-term Care iii. Preference 3: Diminished Utility at the Thought of Institutional Care; Maximized Utility at the Thought of Informal Care from Loved Ones 2. Unique Time Functions in Long-Term Care Planning i. Time Function 1: Long-term Care Planning as an Initial Proxy for Financial Interests, and as an Evolving Proxy for Emotional Interests ii. Time Function 2: The Tendency to Disproportionately Value Current Costs and Benefits Over Future Costs and Benefits iii. Time Function 3: The Problem of the "Future Incapacitated Self" as a "Non-Self" or an "Impossible Self" II. Tax And Economic Policy Responses To The Medicaid Crisis A. Government Initiatives to Discourage Reliance on Public Assistance for Long-Term Care: Medicaid Estate Recovery Programs B. Government Initiatives to Encourage Reliance on Private Payer Sources for Long-Term Care 1. Additional Personal Exemption for Caregivers 2. Long-Term Care Insurance Partnership Programs 3. Federal Income Tax Deductions for the Costs of Long-Term Care Insurance i. The Business Deduction for the Cost of Employer-Sponsored Long- Term Care Insurance Policies ii. The Current Individual Deduction iii. The Proposed Above-the-Line Deduction 4. State-Level Income Tax Incentives for the Purchase of Long-Term Care Insurance III. An Analysis Of Legislative Intent: The Perceived Benefit Of Long-Term Care Insurance IV. A Dynamic Model Of Long-Term Care Planning A. Choice 1: To Plan or Not to Plan B. Choice 2: Develop a Financial Plan, or Rely on Informal Care at Home C. Choice 3: Assuming the Consumer Does Not Prefer Informal, In- Home Care, How Costs and Benefits Should be Weighed When Developing a Financial Plan D. Choice 4: Once Costs and Benefits are Weighed, Assuming the Consumer Wishes to Provide for the Future Incapacitated Self, What to Include in the Long-Term Care Plan E. Choice 5: Whether to Maintain the Initial Plan V. Discussion: Tax And Economic Policy Implications Conclusion

• Reading Is Fundamental: Why The No Child Left Behind Act Necessitates Recognition Of A Fundamental Right To Education

  Introduction I. Finding Fundamental Rights In The Constitution A. What Qualifies as a "Fundamental Right"? B. Education is a Fundamental Right C. Standard of Review II. San Antonio V. Rodriguez And Plyler V. Doe: A Critique Of Their Refusal To Find A Fundamental Right To Education A. San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez B. Plyler v. Doe C. Rodriguez and Plyler Compared III. The Fundamental Right To Education In The States A. The States as "Laboratories" B. State Constitution Education Clauses 1. Broad Education Provisions 2. Explicit Education Provisions 3. State Court Education Clause Interpretations C. The "Adequate Education" Context IV. No Child Left Behind: The Federal Government`S New Foray Into Education And Accountability A. The No Child Left Behind Act B. A Fundamental Right to Education Rises from NCLB 1. The "Local Nature" Issue 2. Further Implication of the Fundamental Right Conclusion

• The Market-Participant Exception And The Dormant Foreign Commerce Clause

  I. The Market-Participant Exception: A Primer II. The Market-Participant Exception Applied To The Foreign Commerce Clause A. History B. Interference with Federal Foreign Relations Powers 1. The Framers` View 2. Congress`s Foreign Affairs Power 3. The President`s Foreign Relations Power C. Failures of the Traditional Market-Participant Justifications 1. Fairness 2. Federalism 3. Participation versus Regulation 4. Textualism 5. The Supremacy Clause and Institutional Concerns III. A Problem Of Consistency? IV. The Future Conclusion

• Panel Report: Issues in Article III Courts

  Introduction I. The panel presentations A.The Judicial Perspective B.The Prosecution Perspective C.The Defense Perspective D. The Civil Litigator's Perspective II. The discussion

• Panel Report: National Security Secrecy in the Courts: a Comparative Perspective from Israel and Ireland

  Introduction I. Framing the Issues II. The Panel's Answers A.Secret Evidence for the Prosecution B.Access to Secret Evidence for the Defense C. Secret Proceedings? D. Alternative Procedures or Alternative Courts? III. The Discussion Conclusion

• Sword or Shield? The Government's selective Use of its Declassification authority for Tactical Advantage in Criminal Prosecutions

  Introduction I. Cipa's History and Purposes II. The Asymmetrical Nature of the Government's Declassification Authority III. There Is no Basis for the Government's Selective Declassification of Fisa Intercepts, and the Practice Violates a Defendant's Fifth and Sixth Amendment Rights IV. The Courts' Recent Responses to the Inequities Created by the Government's Selective Exercise of its Declassification Authority V. Proposals for Reforming Cipa in Order to Eliminate the Government's Use of its Declassification Authority as a Sword to Gain Tactical Advantage over Defendants VI. Conclusion

• Whose Life Is It Anyway?

  Introduction I. Methodology II. Context of Debate A. A Review of Basic Concepts and Fundamental Arguments B. Why is Euthanasia Controversial? III. The "Right to Die" Debate A. The Facts B. The Meaning of Life C. The Problem with Professional Judgment D. Absolute Rule v. Variegated Circumstances E. Are There Absolute Moral Values and Universal Human Rights? F. The Problem with the AMA Code of Ethics G. Active vs. Passive Euthanasia H. Compassion vs. Professionalism I. The Problem with Rationing Medical Resources J. What Is a Rational Choice-Facts, Values, Opinions and Judgments? K. The Problems with Paternalism L. Rationality By Process or By Result? M. The Problem of Making a Decision in a Vacuum N. Should One Be Expected to Help Another Kill Himself? O. How to Evaluate Intangibles Such as Hope and Fear? IV. Postscript A. A Different Paradigm: An Asian Perspective B. Taking a Life Is Everybody's Business Afterthought

• The Slow Erosion of the Adversary System: Article III Courts, Fisa, Cipa and Ethical Dilemmas

  Introduction I. Classified Information Procedures Act and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act in the Courts A. Fundamentals of the Adversarial System B. Classified Information Procedures Act C. Fundamental Ethical Conflicts for Diligent, Competent, Zealous Defense Counsel D. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act II. Secret Evidence Is Seeping into the Criminal Justice System III. Modest Proposals IV. Conclusion

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