Chapter 3 Torts

Index

• A. Intentional Torts To Person
• I. [§ 3.1] Assault
• Ii. [§ 3.2] Battery
• Iii. [§ 3.3] False Arrest
• Iv. [§ 3.4] False Imprisonment
• A. [§ 3.5] Privileges Defendant May Assert
• V. [§ 3.6] Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress
• A. [§ 3.7] Cases Sufficiently Alleging Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress
• B. [§ 3.8] Cases and Facts Not Constituting Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress
• C. [§ 3.9] Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress—Not A Cause of Action
• B. Intentional Torts To Property
• I. [§ 3.10] Trespass To Possessory Interest
• Ii. [§ 3.11] Trespass To Land
• A. [§ 3.12] Intent and Damages Unnecessary As Elements
• B. [§ 3.13] Damages
• C. [§ 3.14] Duty Owed To Trespasser
• Iii. [§ 3.15] Trespass To Chattels
• A. [§ 3.16] Distinguished From Trover and Conversion
• Iv. [§ 3.17] Trover and Conversion-Wrongful Taking
• A. [§ 3.18] Proper Subject of Claim
• B. [§ 3.19] Damages
• C. [§ 3.20] Distinguished From Trespass To Chattels
• V. [§ 3.21] Trover and Constructive Conversion/Wrongful Detention
• Vi. [§ 3.22] Replevin
• A. [§ 3.23] Jurisdiction and Procedure
• B. [§ 3.24] Damages
• Vii. [§ 3.25] Detinue
• C. [§ 3.26] Detinue, Conversion, and Replevin Distinguished
• C. Negligence
• I. [§ 3.27] Negligence—Generally and Vehicle Tort
• A. [§ 3.28] Duty
• 1. [§ 3.29] Identifying Standard of Care
• 2. [§ 3.30] Premises Liability
• 3. [§ 3.31] Duty Defined By Statute
• 4. [§ 3.32] Assumption of Risk
• B. [§ 3.33] Proximate Cause and Superseding/Intervening Cause
• C. [§ 3.34] Damages
• 1. [§ 3.35] Economic Loss Rule
• 2. [§ 3.36] Noneconomic Damages
• D. [§ 3.37] Contributory Negligence
• 1. [§ 3.38] Doctrine of Last Clear Chance
• E. [§ 3.39] Statute of Limitations
• Ii. [§ 3.40] Negligence—Uninsured Motorist
• A. [§ 3.41] Possible Defendants
• B. [§ 3.42] Coverage Under Insurance Policies
• C. [§ 3.43] Amount of Recovery
• Iii. [§ 3.44] Negligent Hiring, Retention, And/Or Supervision
• A. [§ 3.45] Distinguished From Negligent Entrustment and Respondeat Superior
• Iv. [§ 3.46] Negligent Entrustment
• A. [§ 3.47] Required Knowledge
• B. [§ 3.48] Object of Entrustment
• C. [§ 3.49] Damages
• D. Professional Negligence
• I. [§ 3.50] Health Care Malpractice—Medical Malpractice—Informed Consent Before the Health Care Alternative Dispute Resolution Office
• A. [§ 3.51] Alternative Dispute Resolution
• 1. [§ 3.52] Rejecting Award
• B. [§ 3.53] Certificate of Qualified Expert
• C. [§ 3.54] Medical Malpractice—Informed Consent
• 1. [§ 3.55] Information Provided To Patient
• Ii. [§ 3.56] Health Care Malpractice—Medical Malpractice—Breach of Standard of Care in the Circuit Court
• 1. [§ 3.59] Proof of Negligence
• 2. [§ 3.60] Damages
• 3. [§ 3.61] Hospital As Defendant
• Iii. [§ 3.62] Accountant Malpractice
• A. [§ 3.63] Statute of Limitations
• Iv. [§ 3.64] Legal Malpractice
• A. [§ 3.65] Attorney Relationship
• B. [§ 3.66] Duty
• C. [§ 3.67] Proximate Cause
• D. [§ 3.68] Damages
• E. [§ 3.69] Statute of Limitations
• V. [§ 3.70] Negligent Design and Construction—Suit Against Developer, Architect, General Contractor
• E. Strict Liability
• I. [§ 3.71] Strict Liability—Generally
• Ii. Products Liability
• A. [§ 3.72] Design Defect Complaint
• B. [§ 3.73] Manufacturing Defect Complaint
• C. [§ 3.74] Warning As Defect Complaint
• D. [§ 3.75] Products Liability—Generally
• E. [§ 3.76] Possible Plaintiffs and Defendants, Including Apparent Manufacturers
• F. [§ 3.77] Defenses—Changes in Condition And
• Superseding Causes
• G. [§ 3.78] Defenses—Misuse and the Heeding Presumption
• H. [§ 3.79] Design Defect Cases—The Consumer Expectation Test and the Risk/Utility Test
• I. [§ 3.80] Failure To Warn/Adequacy of Warning
• 1. [§ 3.81] Learned Intermediary Doctrine
• J. [§ 3.82] Damages
• K. [§ 3.83] Additional Theories of Recovery in Product Liability Cases
• Iii. [§ 3.84] Strict Liability for Abnormally Dangerous Activity Or Dangerous Animal
• A. [§ 3.85] Dogs and Dangerous Animals
• B. [§ 3.86] Misrepresentation
• F. Misrepresentation
• I. [§ 3.87] Intentional Misrepresentation—Money Damages
• A. [§ 3.88] Intent
• B. [§ 3.89] False Representation
• C. [§ 3.90] Remedies
• D. [§ 3.91] Damages
• Ii. [§ 3.92] Intentional Misrepresentation—Rescission
• Iii. [§ 3.93] Intentional Misrepresentation—Concealment Or Non-Disclosure
• Iv. [§ 3.94] Constructive Fraud
• A. [§ 3.95] Confidential Or Fiduciary Relationship
• B. [§ 3.96] Damages
• V. [§ 3.97] Negligent Misrepresentation
• A. [§ 3.98] Duty
• B. [§ 3.99] Proof of Facts
• C. [§ 3.100] Damages
• D. [§ 3.101] Distinguished From Intentional Misrepresentation
• E. [§ 3.102] Alternative Theory of Recovery
• G. Nuisance
• I. [§ 3.103] Private Nuisance—Injunctive Relief and Damages
• A. [§ 3.104] Agricultural Operation As Defendant
• B. [§ 3.105] Statute of Limitations
• C. [§ 3.106] Damages
• D. [§ 3.107] Distinguished From Public Nuisance
• Ii. [§ 3.108] Private Action for Public Nuisance—Money Damages
• H. Abuse of Legal Proceedings
• I. [§ 3.109] Malicious Prosecution
• A. [§ 3.110] Institution of Criminal Proceeding
• B. [§ 3.111] Termination in Favor of the Plaintiff
• C. [§ 3.112] Absence of Probable Cause
• D. [§ 3.113] Malice
• E. [§ 3.114] Damages
• F. [§ 3.115] Distinguished From Malicious Use of Process and Abuse of Process
• Ii. [§ 3.116] Malicious Use of Process
• A. [§ 3.117] Termination in Favor of Plaintiff
• B. [§ 3.118] Absence of Probable Cause
• C. [§ 3.119] Malice
• D. [§ 3.120] Damages
• E. [§ 3.121] Distinguished From Malicious Prosecution and Abuse of Process
• Iii. [§ 3.122] Abuse of Process
• A. [§ 3.123] Ulterior Motive
• B. [§ 3.124] Damages
• C. [§ 3.125] Distinguished From Malicious Prosecution and Malicious Use of Process
• I. Harm To Economic Interest
• I. [§ 3.126] Tortious Interference with Contractual Relations
• A. [§ 3.127] Contractual Interference
• B. [§ 3.128] Defendant Must Be Third Party
• C. [§ 3.129] Purposeful Conduct
• D. [§ 3.130] Employment Contracts
• E. [§ 3.131] Damages
• F. [§ 3.132] Alternative Theories of Recovery
• Ii. [§ 3.133] Tortious Interference with Prospective Advantage
• A. [§ 3.134] Business Relationships
• B. [§ 3.135] Prospective Advantage
• C. [§ 3.136] Purposeful Conduct
• D. [§ 3.137] Certainty of Future Business
• E. [§ 3.138] Damages
• F. [§ 3.139] Alternative Theories of Recovery
• Iii. [§ 3.140] Tortious Interference with A Gift Or Inheritance
• Iv. [§ 3.141] Wrongful Discharge
• A. [§ 3.142] Indirect Proof Under Mcdonnell Douglas Standards
• B. [§ 3.143] Clear Mandate of Public Policy
• C. [§ 3.144] Limitations On Scope
• 1. [§ 3.145] No Action When Statutory Remedy Available
• D. [§ 3.146] At-Will Employees
• E. [§ 3.147] Small Business As Defendant
• F. [§ 3.148] State Or State Agency As Defendant
• G. [§ 3.149] Alternative Cause of Action Under State Gov'T Ii § 20-1202
• H. [§ 3.150] Constructive Discharge—The Employee Resigns
• I. [§ 3.151] Administrative Remedies
• V. [§ 3.152] Insurance Bad Faith—Failure To Settle Third Party Insurance Claim
• A. [§ 3.153] Declaratory Judgment Action
• Vi. [§ 3.154] Action Against Insurer for Failure To Act in Good Faith
• Vii. [§ 3.155] Torts Arising From Breach of Contract
• B. [§ 3.156] Damages
• C. [§ 3.157] Malice
• J. Defamation and Invasion of Privacy
• I. [§ 3.158] Defamation (Libel and Slander)
• A. [§ 3.159] Actual Malice Standard for Public Officials and Public Figures
• B. [§ 3.160] Defamation of A Private Individual
• C. [§ 3.161] Defamation Per Se and Per Quod
• D. [§ 3.162] Damages
• E. [§ 3.163] Absolute Privilege, Qualified Privilege, and Consent
• F. [§ 3.164] Seeking the Identity of Anonymous Internet Users
• Ii. [§ 3.165] Injurious Falsehood—Disparagement of Title
• Iii. [§ 3.166] Invasion of Privacy—Intrusion Upon Seclusion
• G. [§ 3.167] Invasion of Privacy
• H. [§ 3.168] Intrusion Upon Seclusion
• Iv. [§ 3.169] Invasion of Privacy—Appropriation of Name Or Likeness
• A. [§ 3.170] Invasion of Privacy
• B. [§ 3.171] Appropriation of Name Or Likeness
• V. [§ 3.172] Invasion of Privacy—Unreasonable Publicity Given To Private Life
• A. [§ 3.173] Invasion of Privacy
• B. [§ 3.174] Unreasonable Publicity To Private Life
• C. [§ 3.175] Public Officials and Public Figures
• D. [§ 3.176] Damages
• Vi. [§ 3.177] Invasion of Privacy—Placing A Person in A False Light
• A. [§ 3.178] Invasion of Privacy
• B. [§ 3.179] False Light
• K. Actions Related To Or On Behalf of A Decedent
• I. [§ 3.180] Wrongful Death
• A. [§ 3.181] Possible Plaintiffs
• B. [§ 3.182] Required Plaintiffs
• C. [§ 3.183] Wrongful Act
• D. [§ 3.184] Distinguished From Survival Actions
• E. [§ 3.185] Damages—Not Limited To Pecuniary Loss
• F. [§ 3.186] Loss of Chance
• G. [§ 3.187] Statute of Limitations
• Ii. [§ 3.188] Survival Action—For Conscious Pain and Suffering
• A. [§ 3.189] Conscious Pain and Suffering
• B. [§ 3.190] Damages
• C. [§ 3.191] Loss of Chance
• D. [§ 3.192] Statute of Limitations
• L. Other Tort-Related Actions and Doctrines
• I. [§ 3.193] Loss of Consortium
• A. [§ 3.194] Damages
• Ii. [§ 3.195] Respondeat Superior
• A. [§ 3.196] Agency Principles
• B. [§ 3.197] Scope of Employment
• C. [§ 3.198] Differentiating Employees and Independent Contractors
• D. [§ 3.199] Direct Liability of Employer
• Iii. [§ 3.200] Negligence Against the State—Maryland Tort Claims Act
• A. [§ 3.201] Procedure
• B. [§ 3.202] Individual Liability Outside Scope of Tort Claims Act
• C. [§ 3.203] Local Government Tort Claim Act
• I. [§ 3.204] Civil Conspiracy
• Ii. [§ 3.205] Aiding and Abetting
• Iii. [§ 3.206] Fiduciary Duty
• A. [§ 3.207] An Independent Cause of Action?
• B. [§ 3.208] Elements
• C. [§ 3.209] Damages
• Iv. [§ 3.210] Violation of Maryland Declaration of Rights
• A. [§ 3.211] Article 14—Validity of Tax
• B. [§ 3.212] Article 24—Loss of Liberty Or Property Without Due Process
• C. [§ 3.213] Article 26—Loss of Liberty Or Property Due To Improper Warrant
• D. [§ 3.214] Article 40—Freedom of Speech