Social Justice

Introduction: Beyond Transnational Crime

Beyond being pressing social problems, they are the consequences of a significant extension and reconfiguration of state power on various fronts, resulting from the progressive intersection of the internal and external coercive functions of the political state in ways that have implicated crime control in foreign policy and merged law enforcement with issues of national security.

Transnational Crime and Global Criminology: Definitional, Typological, and Contextual Conundrums

[...] the guiding premise here is that if criminology as a field is to remain relevant as the 21st century progresses, it must increasingly adopt a global framework and increasingly concern itself with transnational forms of crime and criminal justice.\n Historically, criminology and criminal justice have focused upon local, state, and federal law, not international law.

Transnational Crime As Productive Fiction

[...] international relations and security studies have been concerned with the external projections of state power in the form of overlapping issues of national security, foreign policy, and military operations and threats. Transnational crime countermeasures combine the criminal justice system's punitive thrust with a coercive military response to deny due process and civil liberty protections to those caught in its net, as well as the limits on state power embodied in human rights framewo...

Globalization, Border Reconstruction Projects, and Transnational Crime

Today, national sovereignty-that is, the power and control a nation-state has over its own future-is determined in large part by the ability of nation-states to create the architecture for what I have elsewhere termed "semi-permeable" borders, facilitating the mobility of capital "and those with resources, while restricting access for vulnerable and marginalized populations who might make claims upon nation states'diminishingcapacity to serve citizens" (Ibid.: 83).

Transnational Crime, Local Denial

Field and Habitus in the Antiquities Market BOURDIEU'S HABITUS IS A FORM OF "PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE" (BOURDIEU, 19%: 1) and an attempt to provide a model for the mediation of structure and agency; it is a method for conceptualizing: the way society becomes deposited in persons in the form of lasting dispositions or trained capacities and structured propensities to think, feel, and act in determinate ways, which then guide them in their creative responses to the constraints and solicitations of t...

Transnational Crime and Refugee Protection

From Refugee Protection to Transnational Organized Crime In the wake of the World War II, before the development of the Refugee Convention, Hannah Arendt (1966:286) wrote that classifying the refugee as a criminal afforded greater legal protection: "Since he was the anomaly for whom the general law did not provide, it was better for him to become an anomaly for which it did provide, that of the criminal."

A Risk-Based Analysis of Australia's Counterterrorism Financing Regime

[...] in an attempt to comply with the 40 + 9 Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF)1 (see Morais, 2002), the Australian Parliament enacted the Anti-Money Laundering and Counter-Terrorism Financing Act 2006 (Cth) (AML/CTF Act), which significantly overhauls Australia's anti-money laundering and financing of terrorism regime. Not only is there a risk of racial and religious discrimination, but the AML/CTF Act also sanctions such discrimination by providing immunity from act...

Transnational Crime and State-Building: The Case of Timor-Leste

[...] the activities of multinational corporations and IFIs such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the World Bank, or the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have each been connected to TNC activity. International statebuilding measures-peacekeeping operations, humanitarian assistance, and the formation and governance of state institutions-are deemed necessary to protect populations from gross human rights abuses, but also to prevent the emergence of TNCs, particularly terrorism, in state...

Border Militarization and Migrant Suffering: A Case of Transnational Social Injury

Within this framework, legally permissible acts or social conditions that result in (1) bodily harms such as violent or untimely death, injury, illness, or disease, (2) significant deprivations of food, clothing, shelter, medical care, or education, and/or (3) intentional or structural limitations on political and/or social participation are the sociological equivalents of crime and should be studied as such. Analogous Social Injury and Irregular Migration The militarization of the U.S.-Mexi...

Policing the Virtual Border: Punitive Preemption in Australian Offshore Migration Control

Rather than attempt a systematic survey, I concentrate on three examples: interceptions of "inadequately documented passengers" by overseas liaison officers in countries of transit; military interdiction of "suspected unlawful non-citizens" at sea; and the manipulation of the location of borders in time and space to preempt the arrival of "offshore entry persons." Ongoing structural changes may eventually alter the material conditions that produce both crimes of accommodation and survival (s...

Logging and Legality: Environmental Crime, Civil Society, and the State

THIS ARTICLE CONSIDERS HOW CRIMINOLOGISTS CAN BEST ANALYZE THE CRIME AND harm involved in the destruction of forests around the world. Although "illegal logging" as conventionally defined is undoubtedly a major form of transnational organized crime, the boundary between "legal" and "illegal" logging is ambiguous and conceptually unsatisfactory.

Hire an American! Economic Tyranny and Corruption in Iraq

Introduction IN FEBRUARY 2005, ALMOST TWO YEARS AFTER THE ANGLO-AMERICAN INVASION of Iraq, George W. Bush (2005) issued a statement to Arab governments that encouraged good governance in their countries and promised development assistance "for countries that root out corruption, respect human rights, adhere to the rule of law and invest in their people by improving health care systems and schools." Relatedly, IMF discussions of corruption tend to focus on "rent-seeking" activity (regulatory ...